Materials or resources used to do the research. Examples: Research income, staff, background IP, infrastructure, collections. | Activities or work undertaken to facilitate research engagement. Examples: Research work and training, workshop / conference organising, facility use, membership of learned societies and academies, community and stakeholder engagement. | Tangible results of activities undertaken. Examples: Publications, additions to national collections, new IP – patents and inventions, policy briefings and media releases. | The uptake and adoption of research outputs, or the influence of research outputs on real-world domains. This is usually experienced in the medium term. Examples: Commercial products, licensing and revenue, new companies – spin offs, start ups or joint ventures, job creation, implementation of programs and policy, integration into policy and citations. | The benefit experienced by the economy, society, environment or culture (beyond academia). This is usually experienced in the long term, and arises from collective efforts. Examples: Economic, health, social, cultural, environmental, national security, quality of life, higher quality workforce, and risk reduction in decision making. |